Citi Group Restructuring

Foundation everything started with the monetary emergency of 2007-2008, an emergency which was of a scale that had never been seen. Numerous business analysts called it far more detestable than the Great Depression. Regardless of whether it was or not, that’s something that could be contended. Be that as it may, everybody was of the view that the emergency is actually quite genuine. Because of it enormous monetary organizations fallen, banks were being rescued by the national governments and securities exchanges failed to their new lows.This caused the breakdown of lodging markets in numerous nations, purchaser spending endured massively thus, ventures failed, organizations shut down and joblessness topped. There were numerous reasons that were advanced by different financial specialists. A report introduced in the US senate called it as the â€Å"failure of controllers, credit organizations and markets†. Citigroup’s Sufferings According to a US governmentâ€℠¢s report which came into the light in 2011, Citigroup which was the third biggest US bank as far as resources around then was very nearly failure.Regulators were going to pull the fittings on it whenever as investors were pulling back their stores and bank’s counterparties additionally declined to offer credits to the bank. How Citigroup moved to new arrangement? Citigroup languished misfortunes over five sequential quarters. In the fifth quarter, in actuality its misfortunes were as much as $ 8. 29 billion. Numerous in the Citigroup consented to the way that except if something is done to hone its procedure, Citigroup will never recover its greatness and perform accordingly.As an outcome, Citigroup began breaking down its business and methodologies. It was discovered that Citigroup was engaged with an excessive number of business fragments which prevented it from concentrating on its center intrigue territory. While dissecting, everything enormous or little was inspected. C itigroup in its yearly report called the investigation as â€Å"wide extending and dispassionate†. The result of this examination was that the Citigroup at last chose to realign the group’s different business interests in two wide fragments: Citicorp and Citi Holdings.The thinking behind this new arrangement was that this structure will enable the organization to concentrate on its center business regions which thus would improve the general execution, while simultaneously understanding the incentive from its non-center resources. The new structure would resemble this: In Citicorp, organizations which were center to the group’s system and which offered most extreme profit potential to its investors with fitting danger boundaries were set. These organizations are: †¢ Global Transaction Services †Treasury and Trade Solutions Securities and Fund Services †¢ Securities and Banking †Global Banking †Global Markets †Citi Private Bank †Citi Capital Advisors †¢ Regional Consumer Banking †Four Regional Consumer Banks in North America, EMEA (Europe, Middle East, and Africa), Latin America and Asia that each incorporate retail banking, neighborhood business banking and Citi-marked cards (Source: http://www. citigroup. com/citi/financial specialist/quarterly/2010) Citicorp, as indicated by the new structure will be a relationship driven worldwide bank, to serve the two shoppers and businesses.The resources of Citicorp incorporate its center resources situated over the globe with solid nearness in developing markets like India, China and so on. Citicorp will have the capacity to take stores from clients all through the world in a way with the goal that most extreme return could be benefited. Citicorp will have the ability to serve nearby clients all inclusive and worldwide clients in an exceptionally confined manner. While in Citi Holdings, resources and organizations which were not fundamental to Citiâ€℠¢s procedure were placed.But that doesn't imply that those benefits were bad. Some have had extremely high incentive in their own right. Some were large notable brands like Morgan Stanley Smith Barney joint endeavor. Citi Holdings incorporates: †¢ Brokerage and Asset Management, which incorporates the Morgan Stanley Smith Barney joint endeavor †¢ Local Consumer Lending †North America, which incorporates private and business land advances; auto, understudy and individual advances; and retail accomplice cards International, which incorporates Western Europe purchaser banking and other customer account establishments around the globe †¢ Special Asset Pool, which incorporates non-center resources, a large number of which are illiquid in current markets Citi Holdings will comprise of non-center organizations which pull in long haul ventures. Be that as it may, since those organizations are not the center one, in this manner they don't improve the presentation of the g athering overall and in certainty they go after the constrained assets that the organization could utilize in an exceptionally hazardous and unstable situation.It was normal that the supervisory crew of Citi Holdings will rebuild, strip and deal with its business in a manner that augments the worth and will take the gathering forward in an intense financial circumstance Vikram Pandit, at that point CEO of Citigroup in one of his meeting discussed â€Å"accelerating the usage of its recently advanced procedure to concentrate on its center business†. Given the economic situations and business assessments, Vikram Pandit needed to smooth out the matter of Citigroup as quickly as time permits to additionally reinforce its position and better serve its customers.

Running Head Divorce The Effect On The Children Essays

Running head: Divorce: The Effect on the Children Separation: The Effect on the Children Separation: The Effect on the Children Separation, when phenomenal in our general public, is presently turning out to be increasingly visit, upsetting our youngsters' condition of prosperity. A few offspring of separated from families have long haul conduct issues, for example, discouragement, low confidence, poor school execution, carrying on, and troubles with personal connections. Youngsters with separated or separating from guardians frequently have a feeling of deserting, on the grounds that their folks become excessively engrossed with their own mental, social, and monetary pain that they disregard their children's needs (Lamb and Sternberg, 1997). In 1988, Professor Jeanne Dise-Lewis led an overview of 700 center school understudies. The understudies were approached to rate certain occasions with regards to the pressure they causes. The passing of a parent or close relative was the main thing that outranked separate (Zinsmeister, 1996). A separation in the family makes a significant life change for most kids. Loss of contact with companions, classmates, neighbors, instructors, and in some cases moving to another area may bring a great deal of psychosocial worry upon the kids, and that pressure can be destructive. Since the separation blast began in the 1960's, father-mother divorces have expanded at a disturbing rate. Today in excess of 1,000,000 children experience a separation in the family consistently in the United States alone (U.S.A. Today, p. 8). Because of the separation, numerous kids live in single-parent homes. This generally brings about a drop in pay for the family. Remarriage makes step families. Kids regularly make some hard memories changing in accordance with this new circumstance. Huge numbers of the remarriages end in separate. As kids see these relationships end, they may turn out to be bound to acknowledge separate as they enter marriage. It appears that the well-known axiom, ?remaining together for the children? is turning into a fantasy. Parental Actions: Custodial and Nonresidential Youngsters' conduct, improvement, and change in accordance with separate is influenced intently by the activities of both of their folks. In a run of the mill separate from circumstance, one parent has care of the kids and the other is viewed as the nonresidential parent. Youngsters whose nonresidential guardians keep on supporting them monetarily, whose custodial guardians are mentally solid, and the individuals who can keep up an important relationship with the nonresidential parent will in general be influenced less by the separation (Lamb and Sternberg, 1997). The nonresidential parent who underpins the kids monetarily through kid support likewise will in general invest more energy with the kids. The circumstance is improved when there is no contention between the two guardians. Separations don't generally need to be awful; now and again a separation can offer individuals from broken families the opportunity to escape from family related pressure and struggle (Zinsmeister, 1996). At the point when exes and spouses can work through their issues and go on with their lives, separations can be viewed as effective. Individual Experience In the United States, about 45% of every single first marriage are currently broken up, and in the United Kingdom, 41% separation inside 14 years (Lamb and Sternberg, 1997). Separations are going on surrounding us. A large portion of us can relate legitimately, or have a few companions that have been influenced by divorces. Two of my dearest companions presently have a place with separated from families. The separations of my two companions' folks was agonizing for me just as them. I went through a long time helping them adapt to the separation related stressors. Today we despite everything have awful recollections of those a while encompassing the separations, and periodically one of them will have a separate. Authority and Support In most separation circumstances, the mother has authority of the minor kids. The youngsters get support from the alien parent. Truly, the measure of help doesn't take care of a large portion of the expense of bringing up a youngster. Likewise, a large number of the help payers don't pay everything of help granted by the courts (Lamb and Sternberg, 1997). Compensation garnishment and more grounded help authorization laws are potential answers for this issue. Joint authority is permitted in certain states. While the thought sounds positive, offspring of joint-guardianship understandings regularly feel that they are continually going out to go to the next. The kid doesn't feel a steady home exists. At the point when the guardians don't have a

Hot Springs of Glenwood Coloradotheir geological origin Essay

Natural aquifers of Glenwood Coloradotheir land birthplace - Essay Example The water at that point ascends to the highest point of the surface through the stones. Natural aquifers can likewise happen when there are blames in the district. Issues are layers (breaks) in the Earth's outside layer that are the consequence of differential movement inside the covering. The shortcomings empower surface water to enter to profundities where it is warmed. At the point when we talk about hot or warm springs, these are characterized as springs where the temperature of water lies essentially over the mean yearly air temperature of the area. A mineral spring is characterized as one that contains a perusing of 400 sections/million of complete broke down solids. (Tarbuck p274) Both sorts of spring are found from Mexico to Alaska. On account of the warm springs in the bumpy locales, their arrangement will in general be very reliable. As downpour falls on the encompassing pinnacles, it permeated into the somewhat permeable sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks are framed from the aggregation of silt mineral gems, particles of minerals and rocks, masses of natural issue, or compound encourage, which hardens into layered stone. As the water keeps on diving through the stone, it gets an assortment of materials, everything from radium to sulfur. Additionally, as it moves further underneath the surface, it warms up from the base warmth of the Earth . Inevitably, it experiences the huge push flaw and now as water drops behind it, these deficiencies powers the now warmed water to rise along the separation point to surface as a hot or warm spring. Likewise basic in the making of a natural aquifer, is an express course to the surface. On the off chance that the water moves gradually from profundity to the surface, it will chill ease off before it rises out as a spring. Fortunately, since a considerable lot of these springs happen in limestone arrangements, the openings permitting the water to the surface might be extended by dissolving of the limestone to make a virtual pipeline to the surface. This guarantees a fast excursion and warm waters. Tertiary volcanism and mineralized natural aquifers have created the current geologic condition in the Glenwood Springs zone. These volcanic exercises prompted the current day Rock Mountain areas in which the Colorado River cut its imprint. Glenwood Canyon was framed by the Colorado River as it dissolved into the southern flank of the White River Uplift. During the Pleistocen Ice Ages, paces of down slicing were quickened because of frigid liquefying that caused vigorously, over-stacked streams. This disintegration took into account the leaking of water into the profound fissure of the earth, which some place met with the warmed shakes and returned filling the numerous springs of Glenwood. The greater part of W Colorado is involved by the Colorado Plateau, where profound ravines have been framed by the activity of the Colorado, Gunnison, and different streams. Colorado has a mean rise of c.6,800 ft (2,070 m) and has 51 of the 80 tops in North America more than 14,000 ft (4,267 m) high, in this manner making a case for the name top of the world. (McTiighe p237) Colorado's eastern fields are a piece of the High Plains area of the Great Plains. On their western edge the fields offer route to the Rocky Mountains, which run north-south through focal Colorado. The mountains are isolated into a few ranges that make up two for the most part equal belts, with the Front Range and a bit of the Sangre de Cristo Mts. on the east and the Park Range, Sawatch Mts., and San Juan Mts. on the west. Mt. Elbert (14,433 ft/4,399 m) is the most noteworthy top in the U.S. Rough Mts. (McTighe, 1984, p111) The

Problems of Democracy in Pakistan Essay

Following quite a while of military fascisms followed by hoax majority rule government, the circumstance in Pakistan has arrived at such a point, that the majority are longing for radical change. Their enduring is colossal as the individuals at the top keep on advancing themselves at the costly of the laborers and workers, teaming up with government as it rides harsh shod over the individuals of Pakistan. Everything is moving to an inescapable progressive blast. Pakistan’s Supreme Court in its decision of 16 December, 2009 announced the infamous NRO invalid and void abdominal muscle initio. The National Reconciliation Ordinance of October 2007 was declared by the then President of Pakistan General Parvaiz Musharraf. It was the result of an arrangement he had hit with Benazir Bhutto, life Chairperson of the Pakistan People’s Party in a secretive gathering in Abu Dhabi. The arrangement was handled by the United States and Britain. The point was to make another arrangement that could encourage the settler war and different interests in this fierce district. As per this mandate all instances of government officials including defilement, murder, coercion, kidnappings and different egregious wrongdoings would be pulled back. A portion of the significant recipients are presently in power including Benazir’s single man Zardari, presently the President of Pakistan and a portion of his most evil priests. The other principle recipient is the Muteheda Qaumi Movement, MQM, whose pioneer, an absconder occupant in London for quite a long while, and its other driving figures were dealing with indictments of homicide and different violations. The MQM is a mafia-type association with neo-extremist inclinations and its principle ideological things depends on ethnic clash. The present vote based agreement is the result of such a loathsome plan. After Benazir’s death in December 2007 Musharraf’s destiny was fixed. The arrangement B came without hesitation and Zardari having a long standing relationship with US authorities was launch into the administration with his firm affirmation that he would be more compliant to the Americans than Musharraf or Benazir would ever have been. The Electoral College for this political race are involved individuals from the National and commonplace congregations who were chosen in the February 2008 decisions, the consequences of which were customized in Washington to serve the radical methodologies. Unexpectedly this unanimity, or â€Å"reconciliation†, between all the gatherings in Parliament was provoked by an aggregate dread with respect to these delegates of the decision class in the wake of the beginnings of a mass development that they saw on the appearance of Benazir from oust in Karachi on October 18, 2007 and later after the blast of the fury of the laborers, workers and youth at the updates on her death on December 27, 2007. After an extensive stretch of anguish, the abused in Pakistan had ascended with the expectation that the pioneer of their conventional gathering, the PPP under Benazir Bhutto, would be a signal of progress and free them from the unwavering hopelessness and misery. The Americans had just gotten their work done with the PPP heads, who essentially originate from the well-to-do classes, to redirect this upheaval into an equitable political race and veneer of â€Å"democracy†. These pioneers suffocated the mass outrage and revolt in distress and despondency. They would not require a general strike for the decisions to be hung on the planned date of January 8, 2008 and obstructed the development. This allowed a chance to the Pakistani state and its radical experts to refocus their powers and fight off the risk of a progressive change. The Military in Pakistan has controlled legitimately for the greater part of the country’s 62 years of checkered history. All the military systems were upheld and propped up by US colonialism. During the â€Å"democratic† interludes the predicament of the majority kept on breaking down. After the main decade (1947-58) of equitable systems, such was the emergency that when Martial Law was forced by Field Martial Ayub Khan there was even a positive feeling among a few areas of society. Ayub Khan had the audacity to state in one of his underlying proclamations â€Å"we must comprehend that majority rules system can't work in a hot atmosphere. To have popular government we should have a chilly atmosphere like Britain. † General Ayub told the main gathering of his bureau, â€Å"As far as you are worried there is just a single international safe haven that issues in this nation: the American Embassy. † The Ayub autocracy left upon a driven financial, agrarian and modern program during the 1960s, mostly supported by â€Å"US Aid† and the World Bank. In spite of the fact that Pakistan accomplished its most noteworthy development rates under Ayub, Keynesian financial strategies neglected to improve the part of the majority. The disturbed social logical inconsistencies detonated into the transformation of 1968-69 that was on a very basic level of a communist character. See Pakistan’s Other Story-The 1968-69 Revolution]. The disappointment of the current left administration to give an unmistakable progressive program and viewpoint to the development brought about the ascent of the Populism of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. Because of the nonappearance of a Bolshevik-Leninist progressive gathering the upset was lost. Be that as it may, it shook the entire of South Asia. The decision classes at first attempted to force Martial Law once more. Be that as it may, its inability to control the tide brought about the principal decisions dependent on the grown-up establishment in 1970 where the PPP turned into the biggest party in West Pakistan. Having neglected to abridge the progressive wave that penetrated through the voting form, eventually the decision classes turned to a war with India, which prompted the separation of Pakistan and afterward Bhutto was given force who, constrained by the weight of the majority, started radical changes from above, yet just to deplete the unrest fermenting underneath. Bhutto’s chose left reformist government was in this way ousted by a military overthrow drove by General Zia ul Haq in July 1977, who later hanged Bhutto at the command of US dominion. The eleven-year ruthless autocracy of Zia was maybe the most horrendous period for the working masses in Pakistan. In intrigue with the Americans, Zia propped up and released the monster of Islamic fundamentalism to smash the left. The continuation of that abnormal hulk is the thing that created the current day fundamentalist dread that is tearing separated the social texture of Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Zia Dictatorship started to disintegrate after another change on the arrival from outcast of Bhutto’s little girl Benazir in April 1986. The inconsistencies in the effectively debilitated tyranny were therefore honed. General Zia’s plane was advantageously exploded in mid air in August 1988 †some have theorized this may have been done in line with the Americans, whom the egotist and crazy general had started to â€Å"disobey† looking for his very own motivation. From 1988 to 1999 there was another equitable intermission, where Benazir and Nawaz Sharif exchanged in short spells of rulerships. This period was damaged by a bash of defilement, inadequacy, spiraling financial decay and turmoil. General Musharraf took power in a bloodless upset by ousting Sharif. Musharraf then presented a â€Å"quasi-democracy† in 2002 yet the 9/11 scene in the USA by and by made another despot another principle American partner. This time the exterior was not against socialists however we had the supposed â€Å"war against terror†. Musharraf’s end and the system that resulted indeed brought exceptional distress and agony for the individuals of Pakistan. History has turned round trip. This endless loop of Pakistan’s political superstructure †autocracy to majority rules system and back to tyranny †has carried no reprieve to society. Just the enduring has increased. In actuality this is an impression of the continuous social and monetary emergency incorporated with the establishments of this heartbreaking nation. The Pakistani decision class after its freedom from direct British standard went onto the area of history past the point of no return and with this came a failure to build up the economy. It was a powerless class even at its origin. It couldn't deliver enough surpluses for its benefits and capital expected to tap the assets of the nation and complete its chronicled job of the national upset that its pioneers had conceived. It balanced itself in like manner, and its endurance relied upon the one hand by being docile to dominion and on the other aligning itself and bargaining with the landed nobility made under the Raj. The author of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, as ahead of schedule as November 1947, under a quarter of a year after the development of Pakistan, had sent his emissary to Washington requesting a $2bn credit. The reaction he got was a simple $10million of spare change. The disappointment of Pakistan’s administering tip top is apparent 62 years after the fact. None of the national vote based assignments have been finished. A few agrarian changes have neglected to abrogate feudalism. Pakistan appeared not as a country however as a state involving various nationalities. National persecution proceeds and the national inquiry has become a putrefying twisted on the body politic of this nation. The undertaking of the development of an advanced country state is a long way from being accomplished and will in truth further fall apart with the approaching emergency. This condition of deficiency of the assignments has fashioned destruction on the social and financial existence of Pakistani society. The social and political foundation is in a condition of breakdown. â€Å"National sovereignty† is a joke and scarcely anyone has faith in the state’s freedom. Radical intercession and control is on a more noteworthy scale today than it was in 1947, the time of Pakistan’s creation. Aside from a couple of years under Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, all the money priests have been workers of the World Bank or other devil

How to Write an Essay

How to Write an EssayGood Arguendo Essay Topics for College? If you are taking a course in English, you should really know how to write an essay. Although not all students understand that writing a good essay is a rather difficult task, you should be aware of the fact that many colleges and universities need your essay as a means of judging you if you are worthy of being admitted to their institution.Even if you know the rules of grammar and spelling, if you do not know how to write an essay, you cannot expect to be accepted by these institutions. The reason for this is very simple - an essay that does not convince the reader that you know what you are talking about, does not convince the potential employer that you can be trusted with important information. Therefore, it is very important that you start learning to write an essay by doing some practice.You may ask, 'Where can I get practice essays for perfect resume?' While there are many college or university sources which provide sample essays for different courses, you should note that there are also many e-books available for you to use. There are even many online essay samples available that you can choose from to get the ideas that you need to write your own essay. However, before you choose a topic for your essay, there are a few things that you must know:o You should try to find the topic that you want to write. A good tip for you to achieve this is to try to look for topics in the Internet. You can find information on subjects that you are interested in, and that you want to write an essay about, and this will help you find what topic you want to write.o You should also look for topics that are interesting for you. It is not advisable to write an essay just because someone else wants to read it - this will only make you irritable and you do not want that to happen.o When you are actually writing the essay, you must put everything that you learned while you were writing your essay. Therefore, the last thing that you should do is to write it without putting anything that you learned in your essay.o The easiest way to write an essay is to start with a writing exercise that you know that you will like to do. As long as you enjoy what you are doing, you will not be distracted and your writing will get better over time.With these tips, you can now know how to write an essay, and the best advice for good argumentative essay topics for college is to start writing one immediately. Once you get the hang of it, you will not need any tips from other sources!

Mr. Tough Guy Understanding Kolyas Character - Literature Essay Samples

It’s impossible to determine all the complexity of a character just based on first impressions. This is especially true for the character Kolya in David Benioff’s novel City of Thieves. On the surface, Kolya appears to be a fearless, comedic, womanizer who is careless and on the verge of being annoying. This becomes a conflict for readers who want to see a character with humanity, especially during the stressful times of WWII. However, Kolya does not disappoint; he becomes a central figure in helping Lev come of age and venture outside of his boundaries, later becoming his best friend. As the story progresses, a different side to Kolya appears: trustworthy and caring, and very different from the original narcissist character. Throughout the novel, Kolya’s character unravels to show a sensitive demeanor and care for others, even in a time of war. Kolya is introduced as a brazen, arrogant man who never notices how his actions frighten the protagonist, Lev. His dangerous jokes seemed to worry Lev more than Kolya himself. â€Å"You murdered me,† Kolya declares to a petrifying vendor at the St. Petersburg blackmarket after drinking, as if it was a game(50). Or his jokes to the guards while he is in prison, which was of course followed by threats to Kolya’s life, in which he showed no response of despair. In fact, when the guards responded by insulting Kolya, he responds with a harsh tone, as if his image was more important than his life (26).Timid Lev would never potentially risk his life just for a little laugh. Lev was astonished by Kolya’s fearlessness and his nonchalant actions. No two people could be more polar opposite; Kolya is a jaunty character, while Lev over-evaluates eve ry situation that is placed in front of him. However, Lev soon realizes that Kolya’s power in his boldness is what made him valuable. Danger didn’t give Kolya fear, or excitement, nor the slightest rush of adrenaline. In fact it was the exact opposite, danger caused Kolya to become calm (51). These facts distress Lev even more, having to go on a life-or-death adventure with someone who was carefree in a time of war. How could two people with completely different lifestyles work together? The possibility of them becoming friends would require development beyond their first introductions to each other. In order for Lev and Kolya to bond and work together, Kolya would have to grow to be more than his initial haughty character. his reckless behavior, Kolya performs continual acts of kindness, giving hope to readers and Lev. The first time Lev and Kolya meet in prison, they have their first exchange. Lev narrates, â€Å"This seemed like some sort of trap†¦ But no offer of food could be refused, even in the least likely, so I stretched my hand into the darkness and waited. A moment later, a sliver of something cold and greasy sat on my palm† (21). Having their first interaction be food makes it even more dramatic. At a time when people were starving from the war, Kolya feeds Lev, initiating a bond of trust and intimacy between them. This bond of trust would shape the novel as well as the relationship of Lev and Kolya. If there had not been any faith between the two men, there would be a lack of empathy. However, that wasn’t the only time Kolya showed kindness to a st ranger. After meeting a boy who was dying from starvation and the cold, â€Å"He added [the library candy] to his last sliver of sausage and the three hundred rubles and placed them all on the boy’s lap† (85). Kolya tried to save the boy’s life when he didn’t even know him, whereas someone else in that situation may have left him there to die. In war, most people were only concerned about their own well-being, their own source of basic needs; Kolya refutes this way to thinking, since he shows solicitude towards the young boy. Kolya was introduced as being haughty, and now he was showing a compassionate and nurturing side. As well as being sympathetic, Kolya began to display his heroic side, or rather his care for people close to him. Luckily, this is when his habit of being calm in danger become extremely useful. When Lev’s life was in crisis because he was suspected to be a Jew, Kolya lied, â€Å"‘Our little Jew! Makes him crazy. But look at that nose! If I didn’t know his family, I’d swear he was a Yid’† (195). If the Germans didn’t believe Kolya’s lie, they could have killed both Kolya and Lev. Lev would never have survived without Kolya’s help. As Benioff’s novel continues, his carelessness is overshadowed by his concerns for others. A major aspect of the plot is Kolya’s sensitivity with how people view him. Specifically, Kolya’s multiple obsessions with the masterpiece, The Courtyard Hound, which later is revealed to be Kolya’s own book and representation of his sensitivity. When Lev says the plot of the boo k reminds him a lot of Goncharovs literature piece, Oblomov, Kolya gets defensive, â€Å"‘Every university fool knows that Goncharov wasn’t half the writer Ushakovo was. Oblomov is nothing†¦ Now Radchenko— Radchenko is one of the greatest heroes of the language’† (41). He is emotional about what other people thought and said about the novel. When Lev finally had the realization that this sensitivity was a metaphor for Kolya’s self-doubt in his own piece of writing, he wasn’t mad. The fearless Kolya did have fear, fear of his composition being judged and made fun of (165). Even while he was dying, he wanted reassurance for his work, â€Å"‘Lev? You like the title?’† (250). This was an extremely critical moment in the plot, Kolya’s introduction of his sensitivity allowed Lev to be more empathetic. When Lev realizes Kolya’s obsession of his self-image, he grows an even stronger bond to him. When Kolya is dying next to Lev, his heart crumbles, realizing that his new found best friend is leaving him (251). Kolya was suddenly much more than a fearless Russian soldier; Kolya had so much humanity, even in a dramatic and dangerous time of their livesLayers of Kolya’s character are revealed throughout the novel, demonstrating a more sensitive and caring side to his risquà © a nd comedic display. The tough-skinned Kolya that the readers originally meet, turned into a mysterious, sensitive, and likeable character. His multiple layers of emotion and characteristics make the novel exciting, while also creating a better bond and path to manhood for Lev. Benioff, as an author, created multifaceted characters and used character development to write a novel which demonstrates that there can be more to a character than meets the eye.

The Chemistry Of Energy Drinks - 1135 Words

Energy drinks are soda-like beverages that are chemically designed to boost your energy, performance, and increase stamina. Most of these drinks contain caffeine, sugar and many other ingredients including taurine, guarana, and ginseng. These products are generally marketed toward teanagers, students, athletes, and active people in general. As the popularity of these drinks increases so does the amount of reports they are receiving about the dangers of drinking these caffeinated substances. Energy drinks can be dangerous; therefore knowing the how they work and what is in them is key to consuming such substances safely. The Chemistry of Energy Drinks Typically all energy drinks contain the same base ingredients. These ingredients†¦show more content†¦The Vault Zero Sugar-Free Energy Drink has 47 mg, while Red Bull has 111 mg. Caffeine is considered to work by â€Å"blocking adenosine receptors in the brain and other organs.† 3 This â€Å"blocking† of adenosine reduces the ability that adenosine has to bind to receptors, which normally slows down cellular activity. â€Å"The stimulated nerve cells release the hormone epinephrine (adrenaline), which increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood flow to muscles, decreases blood flow to the skin and organs, and causes the liver to release glucose.† 3 Caffeine is quickly removed from the brain. Its effects are short lived and normally do not affect other brain functions. Caffeine’s side effects include, â€Å"insomnia, nervousness and restlessness, stomach irritation, nausea and vomiting, increased heart rate and respiration, and other side effe cts† 8. Taurine is found in many energy and sport drinks because under stressful situations, taurine is eliminated from our body without being replaced quickly enough. Taurine has no proven side effects but â€Å"may counteract the effects of caffeine in energy drinks† 7. Guarana is a native tree to Venezuela contains caffeine and acts as a stimulant for the central nervous system. It is often found in energy and soft drinks as well as health and weight loss promoting supplements. â€Å"At typical doses, the caffeine in guaranaShow MoreRelatedEssay on History of Chemistry and Technology846 Words   |  4 PagesIn this paper I will be writing about chemistry and technology. The paper will be on how much chemistry is used in modern technology. The first thing I’m writing about is Sulfur, sulfuric acid. The next thing is Phosphorus, phosphoric acid. The last thing is Nitrogen. Chemistry is more important than I ever imagined it would be. The first thing is Sulfur is a member of the sixth main group of the periodic table. It is a yellow solid which is not soluble in water. It is not a metal. 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