Friday, December 27, 2019

Obesity in America Fast Food Restaurants are NOT the Problem

With the continued growth of fast food restaurants, low priced food, and fast friendly service, these restaurants have become very appealing to the average consumer. With this increase in popularity, there has come many problems for these companies associated with the fast food industry. These stores are being blamed for the rise of obesity and other health issues in America; leading to many wanting a ban or probation on these fast food restaurants. The Government has stepped in on this issue and is trying to coming up with solutions for this so called â€Å"epidemic†. â€Å"One ordinance has passed by the Los Angeles City Council that bans the issuance of permits relating to the construction of any new fast food restaurants in South Los Angeles,†¦show more content†¦Whereas, McDonalds offers a similar smoothie for $3, it takes only a few seconds to make, and contains only 220 calories† (Freedman, 2013, p. 13). This is very important considering that the main f actor to people becoming obese is caused by calorie intake versus outtake. With the fast food restaurant, the consumer is taking in less calories than a â€Å"healthy† restaurant. For these reasons, fast food restaurants should not be blamed for obesity in America when their servings have less calories than other restaurants. Fast food restaurants are said to be full of fattening foods that lead to health problems for all of the people that eat at these restaurants on a continually bases. â€Å"The fact is, there is simply no clear, credible evidence that any aspect of food processing or storage makes a food uniquely unhealthy† (Freedman, 2013, p. 13). People just believe that processed food is bad for you just because it is different from traditional food, they are just afraid of this new concept. The biggest fast food chain â€Å"McDonalds has quietly been making healthy changes for years, shrinking portion sizes, reducing some fats, trimming average salt conten t by more than 10 percent in the past couple of years alone, and adding fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and oatmeal to its menu† (Freedman, 2013, p. 13). This company is giving the consumer many healthy choices to choice from,Show MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity Is Not Only A Problem1666 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood obesity is not only a problem, it is an epidemic that is occurring in the United States. ​This problem is often caused by children eating too much and not exercising enough. Childhood obesity became a problem between 1990 ­2000. It started with children s BMI increasing and weight gain. Obesity causes emotional and physical damage to the child. About 78 million adults and 13 million kids in the United States have to deal with the effects of obesity every day, and this number is growingRead MoreObesity : A Major Health Challenge1319 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Obesity is a major health challenge in the United States. The World Obesity Federation reports obesity has become a major growing health problem since infectious diseases and nutrient deficiencies began to fade in the first half of the 20th century (WOF, 2015, para 1). Obesity is one of the biggest challenges facing healthcare today. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention report more than one-third of adults in the United States are obese and childhood obesity is at 17 percentRead MoreFast Casual Restaurant As A Fast Food Restaurant1697 Words   |  7 Pages Assignment 3 Fast-Casual Restaurants in Ukraine Student: Diana Hyrya Instructor: Raef Assaf, DBA BU 536 - Global Strategy and Management Newport Beach Winter – 2016 Many US consumers want their meals in a hurry, but with more service and higher quality food than in traditional fast food restaurant. The result has been the rise of fast-casual restaurant chains such as Daphne s Greek Cafe, Boston Market and Panera Bread. The intent of fast casual restaurants is to deliver a qualityRead MoreThe Reality of Fast Food Consumption3064 Words   |  13 PagesNicholas Leung May 2012 The Reality of Fast Food Consumption Introduction When was the last time you had fast food just because it was so easy, filling, convenient and inexpensive? Fast foods restaurants provide foods that are quick, cheap, and easy alternatives to home cooked meals, that do not provide table service, and tend to be high in saturated fat, salt, calories while containing little nutrients (Gaskell). Sometimes we eat food from restaurant chains such as McDonalds, Kentucky FriedRead MoreFood and Culture Essays1398 Words   |  6 Pagescontemporary food habits of African Americans compared with the typical American majority diet Introduction I have chosen to write on African American food habits because I believe their food tells a story of endurance and adaptability during hard times. I’ve heard the word ‘soul food’ bandied about without actually knowing what the essence of it was. 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Particular attention is paid to Subway restaurants outlining the key strategies needed in order to increase popularity and therefore visitor numbers. The Research Focus forms the backdrop of the study highlighting the background of the problem of obesity levels and the availability of fast food choices. Secondary data investigates past research undertaken in customer satisfaction surveysRead MoreCase: Pizza Chains of the United States and Pizza Hut10172 Words   |  41 PagesBorja Rice University Introduction Historically, Domino’s Pizza has been a strong player in both the domestic US and international out-ofhome pizza marketplaces. With more than 9,300 locations in 65 countries, Domino’s is the number two pizza restaurant behind Pizza Hut and number one in the pizza delivery segment with market share numbers approaching 20 percent.1 (See Exhibit 1 for a ranking of the top 50 pizzeria brands in 2009 by sales.) In recent years, how ever, Dom ino’s ha s com e un derRead MoreA Study On Obesity And Obesity3724 Words   |  15 PagesUMEH ADAEZE ANGELA FEMALE C/o PASTOR MRS DORCAS TEGBE. PLOT 211 CADASTRAL ZONE B14 ALONG APO MECHANIC VILLAGE ROAD DUTSE DISTRICT ABUJA. +2348037726861 gentledazy@gmail.com COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS KNOWLEDGE OF CAUSES, HEALTH IMPLICATIONS AND PREVENTION OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY: A GUIDE TO PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTION. ABSTRACT Overweight and obesity are increasing globally even in developing nations. 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Thursday, December 19, 2019

Symbolism And Symbolism In Lord Of The Flies By William...

*hook* A symbol is defined as a literary device where an object, person, or situation has a deeper meaning in the context of the whole story. Throughout the novel, author William Golding includes symbolism that hints at irony, foreshadowing, and a variety of themes. These symbols contribute to the depth and meaning of the story, allowing the characters to act under their influence. In Lord of the Flies, there is a numerous amount of symbols, such as the signal fire, the conch, and the ritual. The signal fire possesses many symbolic meanings essential to the story, Lord of the Flies. In the beginning of the novel, Ralph started a signal fire and instructed some of the boys to tend it. He used its smoke to show a sign of life on the island†¦show more content†¦The shell was discovered by Ralph and Piggy on the beach in the first chapter. Because it was used to unite the boys after the plane crash, the conch became a symbol of civilization, power, and order. In assemblies, the conch gave the power of speech to whoever held it. When meetings were called, the boys listened to those who possessed the shell, as they still respected the â€Å"rule of the conch.† Even Jack, who was not in favor of most rules, he respected the conch, as he â€Å"laid the conch with great care in the grass at his feet† after a meeting (127). Golding uses the conch as a reminder that tools of power are worthless without given meanings from the people. Without agreement to them, rules are powerless and serve no purpose to society, just like the conch. The conch was only an object before the boys gave it a purpose. Its power diminishes throughout the novel as Jack and his tribe disregard its rules and descend into savagery, thus making it useless. As well as the conch, the ritual dance developed in the story is also an important symbol. Another significant symbol in Lord of the Flies is Jack’s ritual. The ritual dance and chant symbolizes the savagery and primitive religion that Jack and his tribe developed during the novel. At first, however, Jack used the ritual as a fun way to escape the hardships and new reality of the island. Its excitement and sense of belonging attracted other boys to Jack’s new method ofShow MoreRelatedSymbolism in Lord of the Flies by William Golding1153 Words   |  5 PagesGonzalo Barril Merino 3EMC Lord of the Flies Essay Describe the use of symbolism in Lord of the Flies By understanding symbols, you get a better picture of the novel â€Å"Lord of the Flies† and the hidden messages and references to human nature and a criticism of society. The author, William Golding, uses a huge amount of symbolism to reflect society of the outer world with the island. Symbols of fire, the conch and water are described all throughout the novel. Fire represents hope, strength and knowledgeRead MoreSymbolism In Lord Of The Flies By William Golding743 Words   |  3 Pages Symbolism in novels incorporate factors into the story which are understood but unstated. In the Lord of the Flies, William Golding uses symbolism to express the sanity and emotions of the boys stranded on the island. The boys used fire to cook and as a signal for any ships at sea in an attempt for rescue. The fire’s diverse intensities exemplify the authority Ralph or Jack hold over the boys which affects the group’s overall conscience. When the fire is kept at a constant level, Ralph and JackRead MoreSymbolism in Lord of the Flies by William Golding1159 Words   |  5 PagesGonzalo Barril Merino 3EMC Lord of the Flies Essay Describe the use of symbolism in Lord of the Flies By understanding symbols, you get a better picture of the novel â€Å"Lord of the Flies† and the hidden messages and references to human nature and a criticism of society. The author, William Golding, uses a huge amount of symbolism to reflect society of the outer world with the island. Symbols of fire, the conch and water are described all throughout the novel. Fire represents hope, strengthRead MoreEssay on Symbolism in Lord of the Flies, by William Golding912 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in Lord of the Flies, by William Golding In his classic novel, Lord of the Flies, William Golding uses many elements of symbolism to help the readers gain a greater understanding of his message. Symbolism can be anything, a person, place, or thing, used to portray something beyond its self. It is used to represent or foreshadow the conclusion of the story. As one reads this novel, he or she will begin to recognize the way basic civilization is slowly stripped away from the boys as conflictRead MoreThe Use of Symbolism in The Lord of the Flies by William Golding1943 Words   |  8 PagesThe Use of Symbolism in The Lord of the Flies by William Golding A symbol is something concrete that represents another thing or idea. In Lord Of The Flies a lot of things we encounter are given symbolic meaning by the way the author William Golding uses them. The book it’s self is named after a symbol, the words â€Å"Lord Of The Flies† translated means â€Å"Beelzebub† which is another word for â€Å"the devil† the book was named after the devil because evil has a large influenceRead MoreSymbolism Analysis Of Lord Of The Flies By William Golding2013 Words   |  9 Pages Symbolism Analysis of Lord of the Flies â€Å"Lord of the Flies† is a novel written by William Golding which shows the reader dark situations throughout the play of the book. In this novel, boys are completely isolated from civilization and rules. The theme portrays ‘civilization vs savagery’, questioning if civilization fade away without the positive views of rules. Lord of the Flies gives the reader an idea of how humanity’s form can shape throughout different life threatening situations. GoldingRead MoreThe Symbolism of the Conch Shell in Lord of the Flies by William Golding1086 Words   |  5 PagesThe Symbolism of the Conch In Lord of the Flies, several symbols are used to illustrate important ideas that are crucial to the plot and meaning of the book. One of these symbols is the conch: this rare shell is not only a precious and expensive in the world of merchandise; it also holds a dark and mysterious power over a group of English boys, lost on an island with no adults, clues, or means of escape. The boys set up a civilization and try to live in the society they have set up. This systemRead MoreThe Symbolism of Masks in Lord of the Flies by William Golding848 Words   |  4 Pagessomehow the human fascination of applying them to their face makes them seem all the more fun, and interesting. This newfound interest could even leak through to the mind beneath, giving way to a whole new person. In his 1954 novel, Lord of the Flies, William Golding illustrated this idea in a way that captured the hearts of many and led the story to fame, concocting a reality that had since resided only in the nightmares of children. Inventing a world in which masks of paint were not a fun thingRead MoreSymbolism Of Fire In Lord Of The Flies By William Golding983 Words   |  4 Pagesmost rational of the group, and Ralph, the leader of all the kids, fire and a pair of bifocals are solely used for survival. Jack on the other hand, who is the leader of the savages, uses fire to harm and control others around him. Lord of the Flies by William Golding acquires an elaborate way to develop deeper meanings of each of the symbols especially fire and Piggy’s glasses. The symbolic meaning of fire is demonstrated throughout the book in many different fashions but mainly it is portrayedRead MoreUnderstood Objects of Symbolism in the Novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding716 Words   |  3 PagesIn every novel, an object may represent something other than what it actually is. Lord of the Flies of by William Golding has several of these objects in it. An explanation for what objects hold symbolic meaning is would be like how snow may represent delight and happiness for a child. These objects also add side stories and add detail to the novel. Three objects that hold immense symbolic meaning in Lord of the Flies are the beast, the conch, and the signal fire. To begin with, one object that

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

American Revolution Notes Radical or Moderate free essay sample

Some historians argue that the Revolution was solely aimed at achieving the Limited goal of independence from Britain. There was a consensus among the Americans about keeping things as they were once the break from Britain had been accomplished The Revolution was inevitably viewed as a struggle of liberty versus tyranny between America and Britain. The Revolution was radical in its character, according to Bancroft, because it hastened the advance of human beings toward a millennium of everlasting peace and universal brotherhood.The imperial school believed that political and constitutional issues brought on the Revolution. The Progressive historians held that the primary causes were social and economic. Gibson claimed the British were Justified In taxing the Americas and tightening the Navigation Acts after 1763, because largely Brutish blood and money had been expended In the Great War for Empire, 1754-1763 (French and Indian War). Carl L. Becker, Charles A. Beard, Arthur M. Schlesinger Sir. , and J. Franklin Jameson stressed class conflict as well as insisted the political or constitutional ideas had an underlying economic basis.Disenchantment of the merchants with British rule, said Schlesinger, arose from the economic reverses they suffered as a result of the strict policy of imperial control enacted by the mother country after the French and Indian War. The merchant class later became, in Schlesinger words, a potent factor o the conservative counterrevolution that led to the establishment of the United States Constitution. In the struggle between colonies and the mother country, the Americans emerged as the conservatives because they were trying to keep matters as they were before 1763.Daniel J. Verboten argued that the revolution was conservative on the Imperial as well as the local level because Americans were fighting to retain traditional rights and liberties granted to them under the Brutish constitution. In refusing to accept the principle of no taxation without repre sentation, Abortionist wrote, the patriots were insisting upon an old liberty, not a new right. The colonists, according to Bailey, were convinced that there was a sinister plot against liberty in both England and America.Americans believed the conspiracy had succeeded in England and that America represented the last bastion or the defense f English liberties and the freedom of all mankind. Bailey took issue with the Progressive historians who declared that the patriot leaders were indulging in mere rhetoric when they employed such words as conspiracy, corruption, and slavery. The colonists meant what they said; the fear of conspiracy against constitutional authority was built Into the very structure of politics, and these words represented real fears, real anxieties, [and] a sense of real danger. Nash concluded that social changes had turned these seaport communities Into crucibles of revolutionary agitation. The increasing poverty and the narrowing of economic opportunities resulted in Some [New Left Historians] pictured the Revolution as a social movement an internal strug gle within the colonies caused in part by class antagonism. Grooms conclusion was conservative that the townspeople had gone to war not to promise social change, but to stop it. Some of the new social historians suggested the Americans may have been caught up in a serious identity crisis as a people on the eve of the Revolution. Such historians saw Americans as profoundly conflicted toward the mother country. To Shy, the war was not an instrument of policy or a sequence of military operations solely, but rather a social process of education. The Radicalism of the American Revolution, by Gordon Wood, suggests that the Revolution ushered in a new American no longer hampered by habits of deference, feelings of inferiority, or hesitation about economic advancement.Wood, like Bailey before him, insisted on the Revolutions radical transformation of ideas of property, work, and the self. Property no longer meant simply land; it also meant personal wealth dynamic, fluid, an evanescent.. . Which, claimed, unlike land could not create personal authority or identity. Work, not leisure, suddenly defined Americans, and most important, the Revolution gave Americans a sense of equality and self-worth. This repudiation explains the predetermined nature of the outraged response to Great Britains provocative policies in the years before the Revolution.They [Americans] felt the sting not only of extra taxes and burdens of maintaining the British military presence, but also the humiliation of rejection from participation in an Englishmen they believed they shared. While Barrens revision returned to an earlier view of the ideological origins of the Revolution, nevertheless he agreed with Bailey, Wood, and, in a modulated way, Bancroft, that the Revolution had, in the long run, radical results. R. R.Palmer compared the intellectual and ideological trajectories from the American and French revolutions, finding more political consensus and continuity in the United States despite greater levels of inequality. In France, on the other hand, he contended that there had been less stability and more open conflict over class than in the United States. T. H. Breed Four new elements in particular influenced how the colonists imagined themselves within the Anglo-American world: the developing military strength of Great Britain, the spread of a consumer-oriented economy, the creation of a self-conscious middle- sense of British national identity.Franklin announced that Americans must know, must think, and must care, about the country the chiefly trade with. Ordinary people laboring men and women as well as members of a self-confident middling group who bellowed out the words to the newly composed Rule Britannic and who espoused positively to the emotional appeal of God Save the King gave voice to the common aspirations of a militantly Protestant culture. P. J. Marshall remarks, British nationalism had an extremely adverse impact on men and women who did not happen to live at home. According to Marshall, English people could perhaps envisage a common community with the Welsh and, often with much difficult, with the Scots, but they failed to incorporate the Irish or colonial Americans into their idea of nation. At indictment, therefore, colonial Americans confronted what must have mimed a radically new British consciousness. It was this fluid, unstable context that colonist on the periphery attempted to construct their own imagined identity within the empire. Confronted with a sudden intensification of British nationalism, the colonists initial impulse was to Join the chorus, protesting their true Brutishness, their unquestioned loyalty to king and constitution, and their deep antipathy for France and Catholicism. We must pay close attention here to chronology, to the different phases in a developing conversation with England as the colonist moved room accommodation to resistance, from claims of Brutishness to independence.European settlers of an earlier period had, of course, struggled with some of the same issues, alternately celebrating and lamenting the development of cultural differences. But whatever the roots of the challenge, dramatic changes in English society, several of which we have already examined, forced provincial Americans for the first time to confront the full meaning of Brutishness in their lives. Like Franklin, Bellman assumed that England and America were equals. The success of one directly undistributed to the succe ss of the other.Both found fulfillment in their common Brutishness. According to Bellman, the brilliant leadership of William Pit during the Seven Years War had attached us more firmly than ever, to the kingdom of Britain. We are proud of our connection with a nation whose flag was triumphant in every corner of the Globe. We were fond of repeating every plaudit, which the ardent affection of the British nation bestowed on a young monarch [George Ill], rising to glory in the name of Briton. As became increasingly and distressingly obvious ruing the run-up to independence, heightened British nationalism was actually English nationalism writ large. Plough]egger [John Adams] stated that the source of anger was not so much parliamentary taxation without representation as it was the sudden realization the that British really regarded the white colonial Americans as second class beings, indeed as persons so inferior from the metropolitan perspective that they somehow deserved a lesser measure of freedom.The Reverend Samuel Sherwood of Connecticut protested that colonists were not an inferior species of animals, made the beast of burden to a lawless, corrupt administration. Lee remarked with obvious resentment, despite superior family background, the Virginians of his own generation are treated, not as the fellow-subjects but as the servants of Britain. Adams concluded that it was the English who had projected a sense of difference and inferiority upon the colonists. American as a descriptive a term in some measure intended to be humiliating and debasing. Richard L. Merritt discovered that available evidence indicates that Englis hmen began to identify the colonial population as American persistently after 1763 a decade before Americans did so. P. J. Marshall again reminded us that the rise of the concept of American owed quite a lot to British usage. The Stamp Act crisis came after an intense burst of Imperial royalty during the Seven Years War, and the colonists felt badly betrayed.Bailey concluded that when Parliament attempted to tax the colonists without representation, Americans assumed the worst. Events appeared to be fulfilling their ideological nightmares. And in this situation, they employed a strident country language employed originally be English politicians, critical of court corruption, to translate imperial regulatory policy into a dangerous plot against provincial liberty and property. The extraordinary bitterness and acrimony of colonial rhetoric requires us to consider the popular fear that the English were systematically regulating Americans to second-class standing within the empire. What we tend to forget, however, is that they also complained that their British Brothers had begun treating them like Negroes, a charge that cannot be sails explained as an American echo of English political possession.Within the radically evolving imperial framework, the Stamp Act seemed and especially poignant for the Americans of their new second-class status. According to Cunnings, it was far from our intentions inclination to separate ourselves from Great-Britain; and that we had it not even in contemplation to set up for independence; but on the contrary, earnestly wished to remain connected with her, until she deprived s of all hopes of preventing such a connection, upon any better terms and unconditional submission. Gary B. Nash

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Aldi Mission Statement Aims and Objectives Essay Example

Aldi Mission Statement: Aims and Objectives Paper Aldi Vision Statement What is Aldis mission statement? The mission statement of any enterprise must be clear and represent its purpose of existence. It must stand for the ethical positions of an enterprise, image portrayed to the public and more importantly products and services provided by the enterprise (businessplans. org). Aldi stands up to its Mission Statement Spend a little, Live a lot . This is a one liner but supported by a set of values. The main mission of Aldi when it started was to provide low quality goods to the poor who could not afford to shop elsewhere and this is maintained even today. Aldi is also trying to provide employments all over the world. In return to the staffs commitment, hard work, dedication and responsibilities, the enterprise aims at providing more salary and also job security. It also aims to have flexible working hours for employees for a perfect work and life balance. Aldi organizational structure Organisational structure is defined as the formal system of task and reporting relationships that controls, co-ordinates and motivates employees so that they work together to achieve organisational goals. (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2004, p. 461). In general, large organisational structure is depicted in the form of a pyramid. Drucker (1989, p.223) explains the importance of structure as good organization structure do not by itself produce good performance. But poor organization structure makes good performance impossible, no matter how good the individual managers may be, to improve organization structure will therefore always improve performance. Hence, one can say that the structure plays an important role in achieving organisational success. The personality of every individual taking up a position in the organization structure also makes a lot of difference. Therefore good structure can be developed keeping in mind the human element. We will write a custom essay sample on Aldi Mission Statement: Aims and Objectives specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Aldi Mission Statement: Aims and Objectives specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Aldi Mission Statement: Aims and Objectives specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Structure can be classified into four basic types. Robbins and Coulter (2001, p. 267) defines simple structure as an organisational design with low departmentalization, wide span of control, centralized authority and little formalization. Functional structure groups people with similar skills and similar job description. On the other hand, Divisional structure groups together people depending on the area of work (product, geography, customer or process). For example people working in a particular location would be considered a group under geographic divisional structure. Finally, the Matrix structure utilizes the benefits of the above two types to from groups based on projects. The group members in this type would generally belong to at least two formal groups. (Schermerhorn, 2001). LearnManagement2. com (2010) defines the term Span of control as the term used to describe the number of employees that each manager is responsible for. It can also be noticed (as depicted in the following diagram) that having a broader span of control results in a flat structure and a narrow span of control leads to the formation of a tall organization structure. Figure: Flat and Tall Organisational structures. (source: http://www. bbc. co. uk/schools) In the above figure organisation A represents tall-structure and organisation B represents flat structure. Robbins and Coulter, (2001, p. 260) defines Chain of Command asThe continuous line of authority that extends from upper organisational levels to the lowest levels and clarifies who reports to whom. Authority, responsibility and unity of command together ensure the effective functioning of the chain of command. The right to command sub-ordinates and expect the work to be done is known as authority. In the same way the obligation to perform any assigned tasks is called responsibility. When every member of the organisation takes orders and reports to only one person, it is known as unity of command. These keywords and their definitions have been adopted from Robbins and Coulter (2001). Aldi follows a divisional structure based on geography, without being too departmentalized. The divisional managers are completely responsible for handling the services/products provided by the store and running the store as if it were his/her own business. This also indicates that Aldi follows a decentralized structure where-in lower level managers are skilled and capable of making decisions all by themselves. As a part of decentralization which happened when Aldi was split into Aldi Nord and Aldi Sud in 1961, an autonomous corporation was formed for every sixty to eighty stores in the locality. This lead to the formation of a large number of autonomous corporations, which competed with each other in a healthy fashion to help the growth of the organisation. In a geographically dispersed organisation like Aldi this has proved to be a good decision considering the growth and success of Aldi ever since its formation. Due to the small size of the corporations there will be less bureaucracy and almost all issues can be handled at ground-level quickly using the knowledge of the local market. Decentralised structure of Aldi allows regional managers to involve in decision making and also helps effective implementation of the companys strategies. These views of a decentralised structure have been adapted from Robbins and Coulter (2001). Aldis structure is a flat one when defined in terms of span of control. The Managers have a wide span of control, thus leading to a flat structure rather than a hierarchical one. Aldi does not have separate planning, human resources, public relations or marketing departments. Managers have clear specifications for goals, responsibilities and authority. It is the managers job to delegate these to the sub-ordinates in an efficient and clear manner. Random checks and evaluation of performance and results is done to maintain the culture and exercise authority.